Merubah Shell Prompt
Prompt standar pada terminal dapat di rubah dengan memodifikasi salah satu variable environment yaitu PS1. Perhatikan contoh dibawah ini:
Penjelasan untuk masing-masing variable di baris export PS1=”\u \h \w\$” adalah sebagai berikut:
Beberapa command yang sering di gunakan untuk mengelola file, system, process dan lain-lain pada LINUX, saya coba rangkumkan di bawah ini:
File Commands
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ls | List the content of the current directory |
| ls -R | List the subdirectories recursively |
| ls -a | List all the content, including hidden files |
| ls -l | ist the content and its information |
| pwd | Output the current directory that you are in |
| cd folder1 | Change the working directory to folder1 |
| cd | Return to the $Home directory |
| cd .. | Go up a directory |
| cd - | Return to the previous directory |
| cp source destination | Copy source to destination |
| cp -r source destination | Copy a folder recursively from source to destination |
| mv source destination | Move (or rename) a file from source to destination |
| rm file1 | Remove file1 |
| rm -f file1 | Remove file1 without prompt |
| rm -r folder | Remove a folder and its content recursively |
| mkdir foldername | Create a new folder foldername |
| file file1 | Show the file type of file1 |
| rmdir foldername | Remove an empty folder |
| cat file1 file2 | Concatenate file1 to file 2 |
| cat > file1 | Concatenate standard input to file1 |
| less file1 | View and paginate file1 |
| head file1 | Show first 10 lines of file1 |
| tail file1 | Show last 10 lines of file1 |
| chmod 777 file | Change file permission of file to 777 |
| chown user:group file | Change ownership of file to user and group group |
| ln -s source destination | Create a symbolic link from source to destination |
File Encryption and Compression
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| gpg -c file | Encrypt file |
| gpg file.gpg | Decrypt file.gpg |
| tar -cf archive.tar foo bar | Create archive.tar from files foo and bar |
| tar -xf archive.tar | Extract all files from archive.tar. |
| tar -czf archive.tar.gz foo bar | Create archive.tar.gz from files foo and bar, with Gzip compression |
| tar -xzf archive.tar.gz | Extract a tar using Gzip |
| tar -cjf archive.tar.bz2 foo bar | Create archive.tar.bz2 from files foo and bar, using Bzip2 compression. |
| tar -xjf archive.tar.bz2 | Extract a tar using Bzip2 |
| gzip file1 | Compress file1 and rename it to file1.gz |
| gzip -d file1.gz | Decompress file1.gz |
File Searching Commands
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| grep pattern files | Search for pattern in files |
| grep -r | Recursive Search |
| grep -v | Inverted search |
| grep -i | Case insensitive Search |
| grep -o | Show matched part of file only |
| locate file1 | Find file1 |
| whereis command | Find binary/source /manual for command |
| which app | Locate a command for the app |
| look string file1 | Display any lines in file1 which contain string as a prefix. |
| find /dir/ -user name | Find files owned by name in dir |
| find /dir/ -mmin num | Find files modifed less than num minutes ago in dir |
| find /dir/ -name name* | Find files starting with name in dir |
Di bawah ini kelanjutan dari command line cheatsheet Part. 1.
System Commands
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| uname -a | Show system and kernel |
| head -n1 /etc/issue | Show distribution |
| date | Show system date |
| uptime | Show system uptime |
| whoami | Show your username |
| w | Display who is online |
| man command | Show manual for command |
| mount | Show mounted filesystems |
| mount -o loop cdrom.iso /mnt/dir | mount cdrom.iso at /mnt/dir |
| cat /proc/partitions | Show all partitions registered on the system |
| grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo | Show RAM total seen by the system |
| grep "model name" /proc/cpuinfo | Show CPU(s) info lspci -tv - Show PCI info |
| lsusb -tv | Show USB info |
| !! | Repeat the last command |
| exit | Log out of current session |
Process Management
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ps | Show snapshot of processes |
| top | Show real time processes |
| kill pid | Kill process with id pid |
| pkill name | Kill process with name name |
| killall name | Kill all processes with names beginning name |
Keyboard Shortcuts
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| Ctrl + Shift + c | Copy a highlighted text |
| Ctrl + c | Stop current command |
| Ctrl + Shift + v | Paste a copied text |
| Ctrl + r | Start a search |
| Ctrl + u | Cut from start of line |
| Ctrl + z | Sleep program |
| Ctrl + k | Cut to end of line |
| Ctrl + a | Go to start of line |
| Ctrl + e | Go to end of line |
SSH
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| ssh $USER@$HOST | Connect to $Host as $USER |
| ssh $USER@$HOST command | Run command on $HOST as $USER |
| ssh $USER@$HOST -p 1234 | Connect to $HOST as $USER on port 1234 |
| scp file1 $USER@$HOST:file1 | Secure copy file1 from local machine to file1 at remote $HOST |
| scp $USER@$HOST:file1 file1 | Secure copy file1 from remote $HOST to file1 at local machine |
| scp -r foo $USER@$HOST:/bar | Secure copy the folder foo from local machine to the folder bar at remote $HOST |
Package Installation
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| dpkg -i package.deb | Install a deb package |
| rpm -Uvh package.rpm | Install a rpm package |
Disk Space
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
| df -h | Show free space on mounted filesystems |
| df -i | Show free inodes on mounted filesystems |
| du -h folder | Show file usage of each folder in folder |
| du -sh folder | Show the total file size of folder |
| fdisk -l | Show disks partitions sizes and types (run as root) |
| free | Show memory and swap usage |